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Possible contributors to the gender differences in alcohol use and problems.
Susan Nolen-Hoeksema1, Lori Hilt
1Department of Psychology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Susan.Nolen.Hoeksema@yale.edu
The Journal of General Psychology
|November 30, 2006
Summary
Men have higher rates of alcohol use disorders (AUDs), but women experience more severe biological consequences from alcohol. Research explores biological and psychosocial factors contributing to these gender differences in AUDs.
Area of Science:
- Addiction research
- Neuroscience
- Psychology
Background:
- Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are more prevalent in men than women.
- Understanding gender differences in AUDs is crucial for targeted prevention and treatment.
- Existing research highlights various biological and psychosocial factors influencing these disparities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review biological and psychosocial factors contributing to gender differences in alcohol use and problems.
- To identify inconsistencies and limitations in current research on gender and AUDs.
- To explore potential protective factors for women against AUDs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of biological factors (genetics, physiological responses).
- Analysis of psychosocial factors (social norms, expectancies, personality traits).
- Examination of protective factors in women against AUDs.
Main Results:
- Women may have lower genetic risk for AUDs but suffer more negative biological consequences.
- Men exhibit more risk factors (e.g., impulsivity, positive expectancies) and fewer protective factors.
- Inconsistencies and insufficient statistical power in studies limit definitive conclusions.
Conclusions:
- Biological and social consequences of alcohol abuse may act as potent protective factors for women.
- Further research is needed to address limitations and explore gender-specific interventions.
- Public health campaigns could leverage these protective factors for women.
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