Parent-of-origin effects in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Lisa M Goos1, Payam Ezzatian, Russell Schachar
1Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8. lisa.goos@sickkids.ca
Psychiatry Research
|November 30, 2006
Summary
Parental transmission of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) risk differs by parent. Maternal transmission is linked to behavioral issues, while paternal transmission is associated with depression, especially in girls, suggesting genetic and sex-linked factors.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Genetics
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Parent-of-origin effects, where genetic contributions differ based on parental transmission, are increasingly recognized in complex disorders.
- Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) etiology may involve differential risk transmission from mothers versus fathers.
- Potential mechanisms include sex chromosome influences or genomic imprinting.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate parent-of-origin effects in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
- To compare ADHD, disruptive behaviors, and depression in children with maternal-only versus paternal-only ADHD history.
- To explore genetic and environmental factors contributing to observed parent-of-origin effects.
Main Methods:
- Comparison of 60 children with maternal-only ADHD history and 131 with paternal-only ADHD history.
- Utilized standardized parent and teacher interviews and questionnaires for core symptoms, disruptive behaviors, and depression.
- Depression levels assessed using the Child Depression Inventory.
Main Results:
- Children with maternal ADHD history showed higher ratings for behavioral disorders (ADHD, conduct, oppositional symptoms) than the paternal history group.
- Children with paternal ADHD history reported significantly higher depression levels than the maternal history group, particularly girls.
- Findings suggest differential parental transmission influencing distinct symptom domains.
Conclusions:
- Evidence supports parent-of-origin effects in ADHD, impacting behavioral and mood symptoms differently based on maternal or paternal transmission.
- Heightened paternal transmission for depression, especially in girls, suggests genomic imprinting and/or sex-linked factors.
- Further research into epigenetic and sex-linked hypotheses is warranted to fully understand ADHD etiology.
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