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Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
Published on: July 26, 2017
Expression and function of Toll-like receptors in T lymphocytes
1Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. kabelitz@immunologie.uni-kiel.de
Abstract:
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are widely expressed in the innate immune system. They recognize conserved microbial ligands such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide, lipopeptides or viral and bacterial RNA and DNA. TLRs play an essential role in innate immune responses and in the initiation of adaptive immune responses. However, certain TLRs are also expressed in T lymphocytes, and the respective ligands can directly modulate T cell function. TLR2, TLR3, TLR5 and TLR9 act as co-stimulatory receptors to enhance proliferation and/or cytokine production of T-cell receptor-stimulated T lymphocytes. In addition, TLR2, TLR5 and TLR8 modulate the suppressive activity of naturally occurring CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells. The direct responsiveness of T lymphocytes to TLR ligands offers new perspectives for the immunotherapeutic manipulation of T cell responses.
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