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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

Published on: May 6, 2013

Viruses cause type 1 diabetes in animals.

Ji-Won Yoon¹, Hee-Sook Jun

¹Rosalind Franklin Comprehensive Diabetes Center, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

|November 30, 2006

Summary

Viruses like encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC-D) and Kilham rat virus (KRV) can trigger type 1 diabetes in animals. These viruses induce beta cell destruction or autoimmune responses, leading to diabetes development.

Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Endocrinology

Background:

Over 10 viruses are linked to type 1 diabetes-like symptoms in animals.
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC-D) in mice and Kilham rat virus (KRV) in rats show strong evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanisms by which EMC-D and KRV induce diabetes.
To understand the role of viral replication, immune cells, and specific viral components in diabetes pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

Studies involved high and low titer EMC-D viral infections in mice.
Research included KRV infection in diabetes-resistant BioBreeding (DR-BB) rats.
Analysis focused on beta cell destruction, macrophage recruitment, and T cell activation.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

Published on: May 6, 2013

High EMC-D titer causes rapid beta cell destruction via viral replication.
Low EMC-D titer leads to macrophage-mediated destruction of residual beta cells.
KRV induces autoimmune diabetes in DR-BB rats by activating effector T cells and downregulating regulatory T cells, without direct beta cell infection.

Conclusions:

Viral infection is a significant factor in type 1 diabetes development.
Different viruses employ distinct mechanisms, including direct cell destruction and autoimmune responses, to cause diabetes.
Immune system dysregulation, particularly involving macrophages and T cells, is critical in virus-induced diabetes.