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(Peri)vascular production and action of pro-inflammatory cytokines in brain pathology

Jan P Konsman1, Benjamin Drukarch, Anne-Marie Van Dam

  • 1Laboratory of Integrative Neurobiology, CNRS FRE 2723/INRA UR 1244/University Bordeaux2, Institut François Magendie, Bordeaux, France.

Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)
|November 30, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Perivascular macrophages in the brain release interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha, driving inflammation in central nervous system diseases. Their precise role in neuropathology requires further investigation.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neuroinflammation
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Peripheral macrophages initiate inflammation via cytokines like interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha).
  • These cytokines promote leukocyte recruitment to sites of injury or infection.
  • Brain (peri)vascular cells and compartments are critical in central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, often initiated by blood-borne infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relevance of brain (peri)vascular cells in CNS diseases including bacterial meningitis, HIV-1-associated dementia, multiple sclerosis, ischemic and traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease.
  • To overview the production and action of pro-inflammatory cytokines by (peri)vascular cells in these CNS pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the role of (peri)vascular cells and cytokines in CNS diseases.
  • Analysis of cytokine production (IL-1beta, TNFalpha) by perivascular macrophages.
  • Examination of the effects of these cytokines on the brain endothelium and leukocyte infiltration.

Main Results:

  • Perivascular macrophages are highly reactive cells in the CNS, producing IL-1beta and TNFalpha upon injury or infection.
  • The brain endothelium is a primary target for IL-1beta and TNFalpha, leading to adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte infiltration.
  • Disruption of blood flow and impaired clearance mechanisms are key features in CNS insults.

Conclusions:

  • Brain (peri)vascular compartments play a significant role in the pathogenesis of various CNS diseases.
  • Pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by perivascular cells, particularly IL-1beta and TNFalpha, influence leukocyte infiltration.
  • The net detrimental or beneficial impact of these cytokines in neuropathology remains to be elucidated, necessitating further research into their roles in CNS damage and repair.

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