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Related Concept Videos

Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Microbiome of the Eye01:22

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Primed Mycobacterial Uveitis (PMU) as a Model for Post-Infectious Uveitis
10:33

Primed Mycobacterial Uveitis (PMU) as a Model for Post-Infectious Uveitis

Published on: December 17, 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosis presenting as chronic red eye.

Angela Jennings1, Michael Bilous, Peter Asimakis

  • 1Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia. avjennings@optusnet.com.au

Cornea
|November 30, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis of the conjunctiva is rare in developed countries. Diagnosis requires identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis in conjunctival biopsies, leading to effective antituberculous treatment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Primed Mycobacterial Uveitis (PMU) as a Model for Post-Infectious Uveitis
10:33

Primed Mycobacterial Uveitis (PMU) as a Model for Post-Infectious Uveitis

Published on: December 17, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Tuberculous conjunctivitis is an uncommon manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
  • Increasing global travel may lead to a rise in rare infectious disease presentations in developed nations.

Observation:

  • A 17-year-old male immigrant presented with chronic unilateral conjunctivitis unresponsive to initial diagnostic workups.
  • Despite multiple biopsies, cultures, and PCR, the diagnosis remained elusive initially.

Findings:

  • Repeated histologic examination of conjunctival biopsy specimens confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Antituberculous therapy resulted in rapid resolution of all ocular symptoms and signs.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of chronic conjunctivitis, especially in immigrants.
  • Definitive diagnosis of tuberculous conjunctivitis relies on identifying acid-fast bacilli or M. tuberculosis via culture in biopsy specimens.