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Related Concept Videos

Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...

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Protected polymorphism and evolutionary stability in pleiotropic models with trait-specific dominance.

Tom J M Van Dooren1

  • 1Institute of Biology, Kaiserstraat 63, 2311 GP Leiden, The Netherlands. t.j.m.van.dooren@biology.leidenuniv.nl

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|December 1, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Genetic polymorphism typically requires antagonistic fitness effects and trait-specific dominance. These factors enable genetic variation without heterozygote disadvantage, impacting evolutionary divergence and speciation models.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Quantitative genetics
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Alleles can exhibit pleiotropic effects, influencing multiple quantitative traits.
  • Trait-specific dominance, where dominance varies across traits, is crucial for maintaining genetic variation.
  • Previous models focused on two fitness components; this study generalizes to multiple traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conditions for genetic polymorphism under trait-specific dominance and pleiotropy.
  • To analyze the long-term evolutionary consequences of trait-specific dominance and antagonism.
  • To assess the impact of trait-specific dominance on evolutionary stability and speciation.

Main Methods:

  • Generalization of existing models for trait-specific dominance and pleiotropy.
  • Analysis of genetic polymorphism emergence under directional and stabilizing selection.
  • Investigation of evolutionary stability criteria and ecological scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Genetic polymorphism is generally impossible without antagonistic fitness effects and trait-specific dominance.
  • Trait-specific dominance can facilitate polymorphism emergence without heterozygote disadvantage.
  • Polymorphisms arising under directional selection may be short-lived; stabilizing selection favors persistence.

Conclusions:

  • Trait-specific dominance and antagonism are key drivers of genetic polymorphism.
  • The absence of heterozygote disadvantage challenges models of sympatric speciation via disruptive selection.
  • Understanding trait-specific dominance is critical for evolutionary genetics and speciation research.