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Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for breast cancer can cause complications like lymphedema. Sentinel lymph node biopsy significantly reduces these risks, improving patient quality of life.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Breast Cancer Management

Background:

  • Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is a standard breast cancer surgery.
  • ALND can lead to significant patient morbidity and reduced quality of life.
  • Common complications include seroma, altered sensation, and lymphedema.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complications associated with ALND in breast cancer management.
  • To highlight the impact of ALND on patient quality of life.
  • To discuss preventative measures and the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ALND complications.
  • Analysis of common and severe post-ALND morbidities.
  • Evaluation of the impact of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) on complication rates.

Main Results:

  • Seroma and altered sensation are frequent post-ALND complications.
  • Lymphedema is the most common severe long-term complication.
  • Major complications like vascular or nerve injury are rare.
  • SLNB has significantly decreased the incidence of ALND-related complications.

Conclusions:

  • Meticulous surgical technique and patient selection for radiation are crucial for minimizing ALND morbidity.
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy represents a major advancement, reducing the need for ALND and its associated complications.
  • Minimizing ALND complications improves long-term outcomes and quality of life for breast cancer survivors.