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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
12:37

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: September 7, 2013

Are we still dying for a tan?

Andrew R Ness1, Stephen J Frankel, David J Gunnell

  • 1University of Bristol, Department of Social Medicine, UK. Andy.Ness@bristol.ac.uk

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology
|December 1, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Sunlight exposure risks and benefits are not well understood. Current advice may overstate risks in Northern Europe and ignore moderate sun exposure benefits, necessitating a re-evaluation for better public health guidance.

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Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Dermatology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Current understanding of sunlight exposure risks and benefits is limited.
  • Public health policies and advice on sun exposure may be misinformed.
  • North European populations may have specific considerations regarding sun exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the characterized risks and benefits of various sunlight exposure patterns.
  • To reassess the perceived risks of excessive sun exposure in North European countries.
  • To highlight the potential benefits of moderate sunlight exposure and inform public health policy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on sunlight exposure and health outcomes.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data concerning sun exposure in North European populations.
  • Comparative risk-benefit assessment of different sunlight exposure levels.

Main Results:

  • The risks and benefits of sunlight exposure patterns are inadequately characterized.
  • Evidence suggests that risks of excess sun exposure in North European countries may be overstated.
  • Potential benefits of moderate sunlight exposure have been largely overlooked.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive re-appraisal of sunlight exposure risks and benefits is essential.
  • Public health policy and individual advice require updated, evidence-based recommendations.
  • Promoting a balanced approach to sun exposure, considering both risks and benefits, is crucial.