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What makes humanity humane.

Karl H Pribram1

  • 1Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC 20057-1001, USA. pribramk@georgetown.edu

Journal of Biomedical Discovery and Collaboration
|December 1, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Distinguishing motivation and emotion is key. Motivation involves readiness via the striatum, while emotion involves arousal via the amygdala, both processed by basal ganglia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Popular and scientific understanding links emotion to the limbic forebrain.
  • Disagreement exists regarding limbic structures and the definition of emotion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To trace the historical basis of the emotion-limbic forebrain connection.
  • To clarify confusion in brain systems and behaviors related to emotion and motivation.

Main Methods:

  • Historical analysis of early studies.
  • Review of subsequent experimental evidence.
  • Conceptual distinction between motivation and emotion.

Main Results:

  • Motivation and emotion are distinct processes.
  • Motivation is processed by the striatum (basal ganglia), emotion by the amygdala (limbic basal ganglia).
  • Striatum handles 'readiness activation' (what to do?), amygdala handles 'arousal' (response to novelty).

Conclusions:

  • Motivation and emotion are proactive memory aspects: readiness activation and novelty processing, respectively.
  • The hippocampal-cingulate circuit relates emotion and motivation via dispositions.
  • The prefrontal cortex refines these processes during complex decision-making.

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