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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...

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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Generating the Transcriptional Regulation View of Transcriptomic Features for Prediction Task and Dark Biomarker Detection on Small Datasets
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Generating the Transcriptional Regulation View of Transcriptomic Features for Prediction Task and Dark Biomarker Detection on Small Datasets

Published on: March 1, 2024

Gene expression regulation and cancer.

M Dolore Delgado1, Javier León

  • 1Grupo de Biología Molecular del Cáncer. Departamento de Biología Molecular. Unidad de Biomedicina-CSIC. Universidad de Cantabria. Santander. Spain.

Clinical & Translational Oncology : Official Publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico
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Gene expression regulation involves transcription initiation, promoter regions, and chromatin structure. Transcription factors play crucial roles in controlling gene activity and are implicated in both cancer oncogenes and tumor suppressors.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Gene expression is primarily regulated at the transcription initiation stage.
  • Key regulatory elements include core promoters, proximal/distal promoters, enhancers, and silencers.
  • Chromatin structure, influenced by histone modifications and remodeling, adds another layer of gene expression control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms governing transcription initiation.
  • To highlight the role of transcription factors in gene regulation and disease.
  • To provide an overview of regulatory DNA elements and chromatin's influence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established molecular biology principles.
  • Analysis of gene regulatory elements and their functions.
  • Examination of the role of transcription factors in cellular signaling and disease.

Main Results:

  • Transcription initiation requires RNA polymerase II binding to the core promoter.
  • Specific transcription factors binding to regulatory DNA elements are essential for gene activation.
  • Chromatin accessibility, mediated by histone modifiers and remodelers, is critical for transcription.
  • Transcription factors are central to transducing growth factor signals and are frequently altered in cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Transcription factors are pivotal regulators of gene expression, influencing proliferation and development.
  • Dysregulation of transcription factors is implicated in oncogenesis and tumor suppression.
  • Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is key to deciphering cellular processes and disease pathologies.