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Long-lasting decrease in viremia in macaques chronically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251 after

Agneta S von Gegerfelt1, Margherita Rosati, Candido Alicea

  • 1Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, 1050 Boyles Street, Building 535, Room 210, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.

Journal of Virology
|December 1, 2006
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Therapeutic vaccination with DNA vectors expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) antigens, combined with antiretroviral therapy, significantly lowered SIV levels in rhesus macaques. This approach enhanced immune responses and may offer long-lasting benefits beyond standard treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in rhesus macaques serves as a model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the standard treatment for SIV/HIV but does not eliminate the virus.
  • Therapeutic vaccination strategies aim to enhance immune control of persistent viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of DNA vaccination combined with ART in SIV-infected rhesus macaques.
  • To assess the impact of therapeutic vaccination on cellular immune responses and viral load.
  • To determine if vaccination provides long-term virological and immunological benefits.

Main Methods:

  • Rhesus macaques with chronic SIVmac251 infection were treated with ART.

Related Experiment Videos

  • A subset of macaques received DNA vaccines expressing SIV antigens concurrently with ART.
  • Immune responses and viral loads were monitored during and after treatment/vaccination.

    • Main Results:

    • Vaccination during ART increased cellular immune responses compared to ART alone.
    • SIV-infected animals that received vaccination and ART showed significantly lower viral loads post-therapy (P = 0.001).
    • Vaccinated animals exhibited a persistent increase in immune responses and some showed long-lasting viremia reduction.

    Conclusions:

    • Combination therapy with DNA vaccination and ART provides both virological and immunological benefits in SIV-infected macaques.
    • Therapeutic vaccination may enhance immune control of SIV, offering an additional advantage to ART.
    • Long-lasting reduction in viremia suggests potential for durable immune-mediated viral suppression.