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West Nile virus in Guadeloupe: introduction, spread, and decrease in circulation level: 2002-2005.

Thierry Lefrançois1, Bradley J Blitvich, Jennifer Pradel

  • 1Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développment, Département Elevage et Médicine Vétérinaire Tropicale, 97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe. thierry.lefrancois@cirad.fr

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|December 1, 2006
PubMed
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West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance in Guadeloupe showed high equine seroprevalence in 2003 after introduction. WNV circulation decreased significantly due to drought, with very low levels detected in 2005.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Arbovirology

Background:

  • West Nile virus (WNV) poses a significant threat to animal and human health.
  • Effective surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring arbovirus introduction and spread in island ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish and implement a surveillance system for West Nile virus (WNV) in Guadeloupe.
  • To monitor the introduction and dissemination of WNV in equine and avian populations.
  • To assess WNV circulation dynamics and the impact of environmental factors.

Main Methods:

  • Serological assays including IgG and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), epitope-blocking ELISA, and plaque reduction neutralization tests were used.
  • Equines and chickens were monitored from 2002 to 2004, with a sentinel survey in 2005.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Antibody prevalence and seroconversion rates were analyzed to determine WNV circulation.

    • Main Results:

    • A high seroprevalence of 19.3% was observed in equines in 2003 following WNV introduction, likely by migratory birds.
    • WNV circulation dramatically decreased in 2003-2004, evidenced by no equine seroconversion and low chicken prevalence.
    • A 2005 sentinel survey indicated very low WNV circulation, potentially linked to a preceding drought impacting vector populations.

    Conclusions:

    • The implemented surveillance system successfully detected WNV introduction and monitored its spread.
    • Environmental factors, such as drought, can significantly influence WNV transmission dynamics.
    • WNV circulation in Guadeloupe has reached a very low level, but continued monitoring is warranted.