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Related Concept Videos

Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...

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Perspectives in chicken genetics and genomics.

S J Lamont1

  • 1Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA. sjlamont@iastate.edu

Poultry Science
|December 1, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Poultry science is advancing rapidly due to a century of chicken genetics research, genome sequencing, and new genomic tools. This paper introduces key topics in poultry molecular genetics and commercial breeding programs.

Area of Science:

  • Poultry Science
  • Genetics
  • Genomics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • A century of research has advanced chicken genetics.
  • The chicken genome has been sequenced.
  • Genomic tools are increasingly applied in poultry research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Set the context for a series of reviews on chicken genetics and genomics.
  • Introduce important issues in poultry molecular genetics.
  • Briefly describe the topics of the accompanying reviews.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and research trends.
  • Synthesis of information on chicken genetics and genomics.
  • Perspective on the application of molecular genetics in breeding.

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Main Results:

  • Poultry science is at a new era driven by genomic advancements.
  • Integration of genomic information into commercial breeding is accelerating.
  • Key issues and future directions in poultry molecular genetics are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • The field of poultry genetics and genomics is rapidly evolving.
  • Genomic tools and statistical theory are crucial for modern poultry breeding.
  • This perspectives paper provides a roadmap for understanding current research in chicken genetics.