Risk factors for chronic kidney disease in a community-based population: a 10-year follow-up study

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Epidemiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant global health burden.
• Identifying modifiable risk factors is crucial for effective prevention strategies in the general population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the incidence and predictors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults aged 40 and over.
• To identify key risk factors associated with the development of CKD over a 10-year period.

Main Methods:

• A prospective 10-year follow-up study involving 123,764 adults aged 40+.
• Cox regression analysis was used to determine significant hazard ratios (HR) for CKD development, stratified by sex.
• Data included baseline health information and annual examination results.

Main Results:

• The overall prevalence of newly developed CKD was 19.2% (23,718 subjects) over 10 years.
• Independent predictors for CKD included age, glomerular filtration rate, hematuria, hypertension, diabetes, serum lipids, obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
• Treated diabetes in males and treated hypertension/high blood pressure/diabetes in females significantly increased CKD risk (doubling of HR). Proteinuria and hematuria were strong predictors for advanced CKD (stage III+) in males.

Conclusions:

• Hypertension and diabetes are major independent risk factors for CKD development.
• Metabolic abnormalities, beyond traditional factors, also play a significant role in CKD incidence.
• Community-based annual examinations are valuable for identifying individuals at risk for CKD.