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Floral phyllotaxis in basal angiosperms: development and evolution.

Peter K Endress1, James A Doyle

  • 1Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 108, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland. pendress@systbot.unizh.ch

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|December 5, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Floral phyllotaxis, or organ arrangement in flowers, has been crucial for angiosperm evolution. Understanding its spiral versus whorled patterns helps trace evolutionary changes and adaptive radiations.

Area of Science:

  • Plant developmental biology
  • Evolutionary botany
  • Paleobotany

Background:

  • Molecular developmental studies traditionally focus on vegetative phyllotaxis due to technical ease.
  • Floral phyllotaxis, however, has significantly influenced angiosperm evolution, enabling organ synorganization and adaptive radiations.
  • Basal angiosperms exhibit more flexible floral phyllotaxis compared to derived groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the complex relationships between spiral and whorled floral phyllotaxis and developmental parameters.
  • To provide a framework for tracing evolutionary changes in floral phyllotaxis.
  • To investigate the evolutionary origins of floral phyllotaxis in angiosperms.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on floral and vegetative phyllotaxis.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Phylogenetic analysis to understand evolutionary relationships.
  • Comparative studies of organ initiation patterns, divergence angles, and plastochrons.

    • Main Results:

    • Floral phyllotaxis has been highly labile throughout early angiosperm evolution.
    • Consolidation of whorled phyllotaxis in derived angiosperms facilitated organ synorganization and diversification.
    • The original floral phyllotaxis in angiosperms remains equivocal, with spiral patterns in Magnoliales and Laurales appearing derived.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding floral phyllotaxis is key to deciphering angiosperm evolution and adaptive radiation.
    • Further research combining phylogenetic resolution and diversity surveys will enhance our understanding of floral phyllotaxis evolution.
    • The evolutionary trajectory suggests a complex history of floral phyllotaxis, with significant plasticity early in angiosperm diversification.