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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
Published on: September 2, 2025
Anterior cruciate ligament biology and its relationship to injury forces
James R Slauterbeck1, John R Hickox, Bruce Beynnon
1Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 95 Carrigan Drive, Stafford Hall, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
Abstract:
Anterior cruciate ligament injury is determined by two variables: the ultimate failure load of the ligament and the mechanical load applied to the ligament. All factors that contribute to anterior cruciate ligament injury must do so by affecting one or both of these two basic variables. Some factors, such as sex hormones and tissue remodeling, have a multifaceted effect on the failure load of the anterior cruciate ligament and the magnitude of the load applied to it. The model also illustrates the potentially profound effects that sex hormones and tissue remodeling likely have on female susceptibility to anterior cruciate ligament injuries.
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