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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo
11:13

Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 2, 2016

Avian embryonic stem cells.

Marie-Cecile van de Lavoir1, Christine Mather-Love

  • 1Origen Therapeutics, Burlingame, California, USA.

Methods in Enzymology
|December 5, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Chicken embryonic stem (cES) cells derived from blastoderm can be cultured long-term and genetically modified. These cES cells contribute to all somatic tissues when reintroduced into recipient embryos, enabling developmental studies.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Research
  • Avian Embryology

Background:

  • Blastodermal cells from early chicken embryos can integrate into host embryos.
  • Chicken embryonic stem (cES) cells offer potential for genetic manipulation and developmental studies.
  • Establishing stable cES cell lines is crucial for advancing avian research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a method for culturing chicken embryonic stem (cES) cells.
  • To characterize the properties and developmental potential of cultured cES cells.
  • To establish a system for generating high-grade chimeras using cES cells.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of blastodermal cells from stage X (EG&K) chicken embryos.
  • Culture of cES cells, observing morphological changes and chromosomal stability.

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Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions

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Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery
11:56

Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery

Published on: December 13, 2007

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo
11:13

Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo

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Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions
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Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions

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Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery
11:56

Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery

Published on: December 13, 2007

  • Genetic modification of cES cells via electroporation.
  • Injection of modified cES cells into stage X (EG&K) recipient embryos.
  • Utilizing a surrogate shell culture system for embryo manipulation and incubation.

    • Main Results:

    • Cultured cES cells exhibit characteristic morphology (smaller size, large nucleus, prominent nucleolus).
    • cES cells maintain chromosomal normality during extended culture periods.
    • Genetically modified cES cells contribute to all somatic tissues in chimeric embryos.
    • High-grade chimeras were generated using a specific protocol involving recipient embryo compromise and controlled incubation temperatures.

    Conclusions:

    • The described cES cell culture system is robust and supports long-term cell maintenance.
    • cES cells are a valuable tool for genetic modification and studying chicken development.
    • This system provides a novel experimental paradigm for investigating avian developmental and physiological mechanisms.