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Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy

Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy

Published on: March 6, 2015

Intestinal epithelial stem cells and progenitors.

Matthew Bjerknes¹, Hazel Cheng

¹Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Methods in Enzymology

|December 5, 2006

Summary

Adult intestinal stem cells are accessible but difficult to culture due to rapid cell death and poorly understood in vitro conditions. Research focuses on in vivo methods for studying these crucial cells.

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Stem Cell Biology
Epithelial Biology

Background:

The adult intestinal epithelium harbors a well-organized stem cell system, theoretically amenable to isolation and study.
Existing methods allow for the collection of intestinal epithelium, but large-scale stem and progenitor cell retrieval for research and clinical use is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To address the difficulties in isolating and culturing adult intestinal stem and progenitor cells.
To review current in vivo assays and in vitro methods for studying intestinal stem cells.

Main Methods:

Discussion of existing in vivo assays for assessing stem and progenitor cell behavior.
Review of current techniques for isolating and culturing intestinal epithelial cells.

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The 3D Culturing of Organoids from Murine Intestinal Crypts and a Single Stem Cell for Organoid Research

The 3D Culturing of Organoids from Murine Intestinal Crypts and a Single Stem Cell for Organoid Research

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy

Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy

Published on: March 6, 2015

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation

Published on: July 27, 2022

The 3D Culturing of Organoids from Murine Intestinal Crypts and a Single Stem Cell for Organoid Research

The 3D Culturing of Organoids from Murine Intestinal Crypts and a Single Stem Cell for Organoid Research

Published on: April 7, 2023

Main Results:

Adult intestinal epithelial cells undergo rapid apoptosis upon detachment from the basement membrane.
Optimal in vitro conditions for survival, proliferation, and differentiation of these cells remain poorly understood.

Conclusions:

Current limitations hinder routine isolation and culture of adult intestinal stem and progenitor cells.
In vivo approaches remain largely dependent for the study of intestinal stem and progenitor cells.
Further research is needed to elucidate optimal in vitro culture conditions.