Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Mouse Model of Pressure Ulcers After Spinal Cord Injury
Published on: March 9, 2019
Risk assessment scales for pressure ulcers: a methodological review
Panos Papanikolaou1, Patricia Lyne, Denis Anthony
1Nursing, Health and Social Care Research Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery Studies, University of Cardiff, 35-43 Newport Road, Cardiff CF24 0AB, UK. papanikolaoup@cf.ac.uk
Abstract:
Much is written about risk-assessment scales (RASs) for pressure ulcers (PU) and their properties demonstrating that they are of limited value. Less is known about the reasons for these limitations and the scope for improvement. This review examines issues such as structure and scoring for the Norton, Waterlow and Braden scales, showing that the equal-weighting technique behind the current RASs is too simplistic and leads to limitations. It concludes that properly trained, experienced nurses should conduct PU risk assessments, whilst more robust data-driven RASs should be developed using the differential weighting scoring method together with advanced statistical techniques.
Related Concept Videos
Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Assessing Blood Pressure
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)
Prepare for the Procedure:
Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management
Assessment of apical radial pulse
The A-R pulse assessment involves simultaneous evaluation of the apical and radial pulses. When the apical and radial pulse rates vary, this assessment helps identify a pulse deficit.
Pre-Procedural Preparation