Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 1, 2026
Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires
Published on: July 24, 2018
A randomized clinical trial comparing 'one-step' and 'two-step' orthodontic bonding systems
N Manning1, S M Chadwick, D Plunkett
1Countess of Chester NHS Trust, Health Park, Liverpool Road, Chester CH2 1UL, UK.
Objective:
The primary objective of this prospective clinical trial was to assess the clinical bond failure rates of orthodontic brackets bonded using a self-etching primer (SEP), compared with brackets bonded using a conventional acid-etched technique with control adhesive (Transbond). A secondary aim was to investigate whether characteristics of the operator, patient or tooth bonded had any influence on bracket failure.
Design:
Single-centre randomized controlled clinical trial. Thirty-four patients were bonded, each being randomly assigned to either the test or control adhesive.
Setting:
NHS Hospital Orthodontic Department, Chester, UK.
Subjects:
Orthodontic patients requiring fixed appliance treatment.
Main Outcome Measures:
Bond failure.
Main Outcome Results:
Failure rates over the initial 6-month period were 2.0% (Transbond) and 1.7% (SEP) with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Over the duration of the fixed appliance treatment, bond failure rates increased, but remained acceptable at 7.4 % (TB) and 7.0% (SEP), respectively. When operator, patient and tooth characteristics were analysed, only the bracket location was found to be significant. Maxillary brackets were more likely to fail than mandibular brackets (RR 0.47%; 95% CI 0.22, 1.03). The failure rate for brackets in our study was low when compared with previous studies.
Conclusions:
Both the acid-etched control and self-etching primer in combination with adhesive pre-coated brackets were successful for clinical bonding. Their combined failure rate was lower than that reported in similar trials.
