Immunolocalization of extracellular matrix components during organogenesis in the human small intestine

The expression and distribution of several major extracellular matrix macromolecules were investigated at the epithelial-mesenchymal interface of the human fetal small intestine from 8 to 20 weeks of gestation. Localization of heparan sulfate proteoglycan, type-IV collagen and laminin, three basement membrane components, as well as fibronectin and tenascin, were assessed by indirect immunofluorescence staining on cryostat sections, and correlated to morphogenesis and epithelial cell differentiation. Basement membrane components and fibronectin were all detected as early as 8 weeks (a time when the epithelium is still stratified and does not express sucrase-isomaltase). Tenascin appeared only after short villi had developed (around 10 weeks) and was restricted to the connective tissue at the tip of villus rudiments. At 18 weeks, well-formed villi and crypts were apparent. The antibody against heparan sulfate proteoglycan stained exclusively the epithelial basement membrane. Anti-type-IV collagen and anti-laminin antibodies stained the epithelial basement membrane and also cellular and fibrillar structures in the lamina propria. Fibronectin was found uniformly distributed over the lamina propria except in the upper third position of the villus core. On the contrary tenascin was mainly localized in the stroma at the tip of the villi. Staining for tenascin was also detected at the epithelial-mesenchymal interface of the villus and in the mesenchyme immediately surrounding budding crypts. These results provide basic data concerning the development of the human gut, and suggest that extracellular matrix components could be involved in the remodelling process of the intestinal mucosa.