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Related Concept Videos

Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
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Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
06:07

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Published on: October 22, 2020

Smoking as a trigger for inflammatory rheumatic diseases.

Lars Klareskog1, Leonid Padyukov, Lars Alfredsson

  • 1Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden. lars.klareskog@ki.se

Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|December 5, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, potentially triggering immune responses. Quitting smoking is advised, and understanding these mechanisms offers new insights into rheumatic disease pathogenesis.

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Published on: January 10, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cigarette smoking is a known environmental factor influencing immune-mediated diseases.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are complex inflammatory rheumatic diseases with multifactorial etiologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the effects of cigarette smoking on the development of RA and SLE.
  • To review current research on the mechanisms linking smoking, genetics, and immunity in these diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of large case-control and cohort studies on smoking and rheumatic diseases.
  • Analysis of mechanistic studies investigating immune responses to smoking.

Main Results:

  • Smoking is a confirmed risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RF positive and anti-citrulline antibody positive) and systemic lupus erythematosus (associated with anti-dsDNA antibodies).
  • Smoking appears to induce specific immune reactions against citrullinated proteins in RA and dsDNA in SLE, influenced by genetic factors.

Conclusions:

  • Mandatory smoking cessation counseling is recommended in rheumatology practice.
  • Understanding smoking's role in disease pathogenesis may reveal fundamental insights into RA and SLE etiology.