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A Novel Digital Platform for a Monitored Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program
Published on: April 19, 2019
Reduction of global cardiovascular risk with nutritional versus nutritional plus physical activity intervention in
Carlos Olimpo Mendivil1, Edgar Cortés, Iván Darío Sierra
1Lipids and Diabetes Division, Physiological Sciences Department, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. comendivila@unal.edu.co
Background:
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity/mortality in non-developed countries. Reports of the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on global cardiovascular risk in Latin American adults, however, are scarce.
Objective:
To compare the change in global cardiovascular risk induced by a tailored, Adult Treatment Panel-III compliant nutrition program versus the same program with addition of supervised, regular physical activity in Colombian adults.
Design:
The study was a randomized, controlled trial.
Methods:
Seventy-five Colombian patients aged 40-70 years and with Framingham-estimated global cardiovascular risk of 1% or higher were randomly assigned to a nutritional intervention program or a combined nutritional intervention-physical exercise program for 16 weeks. Patients underwent medical and anthropometric evaluation, bioelectrical impedance, lipid profile and Framingham global cardiovascular risk determination at baseline and at the end of follow-up.
Results:
The groups were comparable at baseline; 21 persons in the nutritional intervention program group and 27 in the nutritional intervention-physical exercise program group completed the follow-up. Global cardiovascular risk modification (mean+/-SE) was -2.04+/-1.1 absolute percentage points (relative reduction 19.6%) in the nutritional intervention-physical exercise program group, compared with 0.23+/-0.9 (relative increase 2.8%) in the nutritional intervention program group. Mean difference in global cardiovascular risk modification between groups reached borderline statistical significance in ANCOVA (P=0.054). Reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were similar, but the nutritional intervention-physical exercise program group achieved significantly greater improvements in body weight, body mass index, percentage body fat and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Conclusions:
Our data suggest that a structured nutritional intervention-physical exercise program is more efficacious than a nutritional intervention program in the reduction of global cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular risk factors, in only 16 weeks.
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