[Use of native and cross-linked collagen membranes for guided tissue and bone regeneration]

A material which is used as a barrier for GBR/GTR procedures has to satisfy several physicochemical characteristics such as biocompatibility, tissue integration, barrier function, and dimensional stability. Recently, many investigations reported on the use of products derived from type I and type III porcine or bovine collagen. Collagen membranes are predominantly resorbed by enzymatic activity (protease and collagenase). To decrease resorption, various physical and chemical cross-linking techniques have been used. Although nowadays cross-linking of collagen seems to be a commonly used procedure, its impact on physicochemical properties of the membrane is still unknown. The aim of the present literature review is to evaluate the potential use of different collagen membranes for GBR/GTR procedures.