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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
12:59

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

Resistance training, insulin sensitivity and muscle function in the elderly.

Flemming Dela1, Michael Kjaer

  • 1Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Essays in Biochemistry
|December 6, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Strength training combats age-related muscle loss and improves metabolic health in older adults. Resistance exercise enhances muscle strength, function, and insulin sensitivity, mitigating risks of sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Aging leads to muscle mass and metabolic quality decline, causing sarcopenia, reduced function, and increased risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
  • Physical activity, particularly resistance training, can counteract many age-related muscle changes.
  • Elderly individuals can still improve muscle strength and mass through training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the effects of strength training on muscle health and metabolic function in aging individuals.
  • To assess the capacity of older adults to improve muscle strength and mass.
  • To understand the impact of training on insulin sensitivity and protein synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies on strength training in elderly populations, including healthy individuals and those with diabetes or chronic diseases.
  • Analysis of muscle strength, mass, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and protein turnover responses to exercise and nutrition.

Main Results:

  • Strength training improves muscle strength, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and daily function in older adults.
  • Training reduces the risk of falls and fractures.
  • Elderly individuals retain the ability to increase muscle strength and mass via training.
  • Protein synthesis response to nutrition may be blunted, but exercise response remains effective.

Conclusions:

  • Resistance exercise is a potent intervention for improving muscle mass, strength, and metabolic health in aging populations.
  • Strength training effectively mitigates age-related functional decline and reduces disease risk.
  • While nutritional sensitivity for protein synthesis may decrease with age, exercise remains a key stimulus for muscle adaptation.