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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Systems Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory and Hemodynamic Response to Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: May 27, 2022
Can the MMPI-2 discriminate between mild-moderate TBI and other neurologic and psychiatric populations?
Jessica Foley1, Jessica Garcia, Kristen Harris
1Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33304, USA. jfoley@post.harvard.edu
Abstract:
MMPI-2 maintains an extensive empirical base with psychiatric populations, although more recently, neurologically compromised patients have documented unique elevation patterns. This study examined mild-moderate TBI patients, Alzheimer's Dementia patients, and Psychiatric controls on MMPI-2 scales. Participants included 160 outpatients (TBI n = 26, AD n = 74, Psychiatric n = 60). Controlling for family-wise-error, five ANCOVAs were conducted on five MMPI-2 scales, correcting for age and education. TBI and Psychiatric group means were significantly higher than AD group means for scales Hypochondriasis, Depression, and Hysteria at an alpha of .01. Results support previous research with mild TBI patients, and further document a unique pattern of elevations in this population.
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