Anatomical comparative study of two vascularized bone grafts for the wrist

Atrophic scaphoid non-union and lunate necrosis can be treated with vascularized bone grafting; through a posterior approach as described by Zaidemberg, based on a supraretinacular artery, or through an anterior approach, based on the volar carpal artery, according to Kuhlmann's procedure. The aim of our study was to determine the area covered by each of these two grafts and their respective future applications. Fifteen hands from eight adult human cadavers, free of any scar, were dissected after injection of colored fluid latex, through dorso-radial approach for Zaidemberg's graft and through volar approach for Kuhlmann's. We observed the morphological parameters of the pedicles and the arc of rotation of each flap. The volar vascularized graft had a constant origin and it could be transferred to the scaphoid, the lunate and the scapholunate joint. The posterior graft of Zaidemberg was technically more difficult to harvest because of the anatomical variations. It made it possible to reach the scaphoid, the trapezium and the scaphotrapeziotrapezoid joint line. Both these two vascularized bone grafts represent interesting procedures for treatment of scaphoid non-union or lunate necrosis, or intracarpal bones arthrodesis. They bring various possibilities of bone covering, related to specific area of mobilization and are not opposite procedures, but have different targeted indications. One must better define the respective places of the vascularized bone grafts, compared with the traditional free (non-vascularized) graft.