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Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

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Private Speech and executive functioning among high-functioning children with autistic spectrum disorders.

Adam Winsler¹, Beau Abar, Michael A Feder

¹Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA. awinsler@gmu.edu

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

|December 6, 2006

Summary

Children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) use private speech effectively during problem-solving. This self-talk helps normalize their executive functioning performance compared to typically developing peers and those with ADHD.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Cognitive Science

Background:

Private speech, or self-talk, is a cognitive tool used in problem-solving.
Children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may exhibit different patterns of private speech compared to typically developing children.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the use and impact of private speech during executive functioning tasks in children with ASD, ADHD, and typical development.
To investigate whether private speech influences task performance in these groups.

Main Methods:

Compared private speech use in high-functioning children with ASD (n=33), ADHD (n=21), and typically developing children (n=28) during two executive functioning tasks.
Analyzed speech relevance, occurrence during task difficulty, and its relation to task accuracy.

Main Results:

Children with ASD used private speech similarly to controls, with speech occurring during task difficulty.
Children with ASD showed improved accuracy when talking versus silent, a difference not seen in other groups.
Group performance differences were evident during silence but not when speaking.

Conclusions:

Private speech in children with ASD is relevant and aids problem-solving.
Self-talk appears to normalize executive functioning performance in children with ASD relative to controls.