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Related Concept Videos

Ultrasonography01:17

Ultrasonography

Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called a...
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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The concept of effective value, the root mean square (RMS) value, is crucial in understanding electrical circuits and power delivery. This idea emerges from the necessity to measure the effectiveness of a voltage or current source in supplying power to a resistive load.
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Multiplexing Focused Ultrasound Stimulation with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Waveform design for ultrasonic pulse-inversion fundamental imaging.

Pai-Chi Li1, Che-Chou Shen, Sheng-Wen Huang

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. paichi@cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw

Ultrasonic Imaging
|December 7, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Pulse-inversion (PI) fundamental imaging offers superior contrast. Optimal PI fundamental imaging uses Gaussian pulses, avoiding coded or asymmetrical waveforms for best microbubble visualization.

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Area of Science:

  • Ultrasound imaging
  • Medical physics
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Pulse-inversion (PI) fundamental imaging enhances contrast detection compared to linear and second-harmonic methods.
  • PI imaging relies on summing inverted waveforms to cancel tissue signals while retaining microbubble echoes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of PI fundamental imaging with various transmit waveforms.
  • Investigate the impact of coded excitation and asymmetrical waveforms on contrast and signal residue.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations and in vitro experiments were conducted using different transmit waveforms.
  • Analyzed the effects of coded excitation, asymmetrical waveforms, and pulse compression on signal cancellation and contrast.

Main Results:

  • Longer coded excitation waveforms reduced microbubble-tissue contrast due to increased waveform similarity and imperfect pulse compression.
  • Asymmetrical waveforms increased microbubble signals but also tissue signals due to a non-zero DC component, decreasing overall contrast.
  • Imperfect pulse compression and DC components in waveforms degrade PI fundamental imaging performance.

Conclusions:

  • Coded excitation is not suitable for PI fundamental imaging.
  • Waveforms should lack a DC component, and be appropriately windowed to minimize spectral leakage.
  • A Gaussian pulse, with length optimized for system signal-to-noise ratio, is generally optimal for PI fundamental imaging.