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Microdissection of Black Widow Spider Silk-producing Glands
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Published on: January 11, 2011

Oldest true orb-weaving spider (Araneae: Araneidae).

David Penney1, Vicente M Ortuño

  • 1School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. david.penney@manchester.ac.uk

Biology Letters
|December 7, 2006
PubMed
Summary

The oldest fossil of the Araneidae spider family, discovered in Lower Cretaceous amber, confirms orb-web weaving evolved much earlier. This ancient spider adaptation predates flowering plants and their insect pollinators.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Arachnology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The Araneidae family, known for aerial orb webs, is a well-recognized group of spiders.
  • Orb-web weaving is a significant prey capture strategy in spiders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the oldest fossil species of the Araneidae family.
  • To establish the earliest fossil record of Araneidae from the Lower Cretaceous.
  • To infer the evolutionary timeline of major orb-web weaving spider families.

Main Methods:

  • Fossil discovery and identification in amber from Alava, Spain.
  • Comparative analysis of fossil morphology with extant spider families.

Main Results:

  • Description of the oldest known fossil species of Araneidae.
  • First record of Araneidae from the Lower Cretaceous period.
  • Evidence that Araneidae, Tetragnathidae, and Uloboridae co-existed by the Lower Cretaceous.

Conclusions:

  • Orb-web weaving as a prey capture strategy is ancient, with origins in the Jurassic or earlier.
  • The evolution of orb-web weaving predates the Cretaceous radiation of angiosperms and their insect pollinators.
  • This allowed for a parallel co-evolution of spiders and their insect prey.