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Related Concept Videos

Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy (Retrograde Mastoidectomy) using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique
07:06

Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy (Retrograde Mastoidectomy) using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique

Published on: May 23, 2021

[Acute mastoiditis today].

U Fickweiler1, H Müller, A Dietz

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenheilkunde/Plastische Operationen in den Kopfkliniken am Bayrischen Platz, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, 04103, Leipzig. ulrich.fickweiler@medizin.uni-leipzig.de

HNO
|December 7, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Acute mastoiditis, an infection of the mastoid bone, is a rare but increasing complication of acute otitis media. Early antibiotics and paracentesis are key, with surgery like mastoidectomy needed for bone erosion or abscesses.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy (Retrograde Mastoidectomy) using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique
07:06

Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy (Retrograde Mastoidectomy) using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique

Published on: May 23, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Surgical Pathology

Context:

  • Acute mastoiditis is an inflammatory bone erosion complication of acute otitis media.
  • It presents with characteristic skin erythema and swelling over the mastoid process.
  • A fluctuant swelling indicates a subperiosteal abscess, a critical diagnostic sign.

Purpose:

  • To outline the diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies for acute mastoiditis.
  • To emphasize the role of microbiological diagnostics and imaging in management.
  • To detail the potential complications and surgical indications.

Summary:

  • Diagnosis is supported by laboratory findings and imaging, with clinical signs including erythema and swelling.
  • Treatment mandates systemic antibiotics; paracentesis may suffice early on.
  • Surgical mastoidectomy is essential for osseous necrolysis or subperiosteal abscesses.

Impact:

  • Highlights the increasing incidence of this serious ear infection complication.
  • Stresses the importance of timely and appropriate antibiotic and surgical interventions.
  • Provides a concise overview for clinicians managing acute mastoiditis and its sequelae.