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Preparation of Light-responsive Membranes by a Combined Surface Grafting and Postmodification Process
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A smart membrane based on an antigen-responsive hydrogel.

Rongsheng Zhang1, Adrian Bowyer, Robert Eisenthal

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|December 7, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Antibody-antigen hydrogel membranes show tunable permeability. Soluble antigens trigger reversible changes in gel mesh size, altering large solute diffusion for controlled release applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hydrogel membranes are crucial for controlled substance transport.
  • Integrating antibody/antigen moieties offers potential for responsive materials.
  • Understanding solute permeability dynamics in functionalized hydrogels is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize hydrogel membranes with antibody/antigen functionalities.
  • To investigate the impact of soluble antigen on hydrogel permeability and structure.
  • To assess the reversibility of antigen-induced permeability changes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of dextran-based hydrogel membranes with grafted fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and anti-FITC IgG.
  • Covalent cross-linking using divinyl sulfone (DVS) and affinity cross-linking via antibody-antigen interactions.
  • Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for bond confirmation.
  • Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to study binding interactions.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for structural analysis.
  • Blue-dextran diffusion assays to measure permeability.

Main Results:

  • FTIR confirmed covalent bonding between IgG and DVS-grafted dextran.
  • ITC validated competitive binding between IgG-FITC-dextran and free fluorescein.
  • SEM and CLSM revealed free fluorescein-dependent structural changes within the gel matrix.
  • Hydrogel permeability significantly increased in the presence of free fluorescein, demonstrated by enhanced blue-dextran diffusion.
  • Permeability modulation was reversible upon sequential addition and removal of sodium fluorescein.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrogel membrane permeability is dynamically controlled by competitive binding of soluble antigens.
  • The observed reversible changes in gel mesh size are attributed to the displacement of affinity cross-links.
  • These findings demonstrate the potential of antibody-antigen hydrogels for tunable solute transport and controlled release systems.