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RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

Experimental RNAi

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Using RNA-interference to Investigate the Innate Immune Response in Mouse Macrophages

Using RNA-interference to Investigate the Innate Immune Response in Mouse Macrophages

Published on: November 3, 2014

RNA interference induced by siRNAs modified with 4'-thioribonucleosides.

Shuichi Hoshika¹, Noriaki Minakawa, Akira Matsuda

¹Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.

Nucleic Acids Symposium Series (2004)

|December 8, 2006

Summary

Chemically modified short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with 4'-thioribonucleosides show potential for RNA interference (RNAi) therapy. Modifications improved RNAi activity for certain gene targets, suggesting a promising avenue for novel therapeutic development.

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Using RNA-interference to Investigate the Innate Immune Response in Mouse Macrophages

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Extremely Rapid and Specific Metabolic Labelling of RNA In Vivo with 4-Thiouracil (Ers4tU)

Extremely Rapid and Specific Metabolic Labelling of RNA In Vivo with 4-Thiouracil (Ers4tU)

Published on: August 22, 2019

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Oligonucleotide Chemistry

Background:

Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are key mediators of RNA interference (RNAi), a gene silencing mechanism.
Chemical modifications of siRNAs are explored to enhance stability, efficacy, and reduce off-target effects.
4'-thioribonucleosides represent a specific class of chemical modifications investigated for their impact on siRNA function.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of 4"-thioribonucleoside modifications on the RNA interference (RNAi) activity of siRNAs.
To assess the efficacy of these modified siRNAs against both Photinus and Renilla luciferase genes in cultured cells.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of siRNAs with various 4"-thioribonucleoside modifications.
Transfection of modified and unmodified siRNAs into NIH/3T3 cells.
Quantification of RNAi activity by measuring luciferase gene expression.

Main Results:

4"-thioribonucleoside modifications on siRNA targeting the Photinus luciferase gene exhibited potency comparable to unmodified siRNA.
Conversely, modifications on siRNA targeting the Renilla luciferase gene demonstrated enhanced RNAi activity compared to natural siRNA.
The study successfully demonstrated differential effects of 4"-thioribonucleoside modifications based on the target gene.

Conclusions:

4'-thioribonucleoside modifications represent a promising strategy for developing chemically modified siRNAs.
These modifications have the potential to improve RNAi efficacy, particularly for specific gene targets.
Further research into 4'-thioribonucleoside-modified siRNAs could lead to novel therapeutic applications.