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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its effects by...
Hallucinogens and Psychedelics01:27

Hallucinogens and Psychedelics

Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
Marijuana, derived from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant, contains delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)...
Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes02:18

Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes

Organic compounds of the same molecular formula can have different structural formulas called constitutional isomers, and the phenomenon is known as constitutional isomerism. Alkanes with four or more carbons showing multiple structures with the same molecular formula thereby exhibit constitutional isomerism.
The linear isomer of an alkane is prefixed by the term “n”; hence a linear isomer of pentane is known as n-pentane. Based on the type of branching, some of the branched isomers are given...
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization

Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
Among the sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized orbitals, sp orbitals have the maximum s character (50%). Consequently, the electrons are held more closely to the nucleus, resulting in stronger and shorter C–H bonds that stretch at a...

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[Cannabis, hemp and hashish: always returning].

André-Julien Fabre1

  • 1jbabrefl@club-internet.fr

Histoire Des Sciences Medicales
|December 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Cannabis use, or cannabism, has a long global history, reappearing cyclically through the ages. Modern discussions continue to explore its medical and ethical questions, with physiological links to brain centers.

Area of Science:

  • History of Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Cultural Studies

Context:

  • Cannabis use, or cannabism, has a documented history spanning centuries and diverse cultures.
  • While not prominent in Ancient Greek or Roman texts, its use is attested in the Middle Ages in the Orient.
  • The re-emergence of cannabis in Europe occurred in the late 18th century, influencing Western culture and leading to its later adoption in the United States.

Purpose:

  • To trace the historical trajectory of cannabis use across different civilizations and time periods.
  • To analyze the cyclical nature of cannabis's popularity and societal perception.
  • To explore the ongoing ethical, moral, and medical debates surrounding cannabis in contemporary society.

Summary:

  • The historical review highlights the recurring presence of cannabis use globally, from medieval Orient to 18th-century Europe and the United States.

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  • Despite periods of decline, cannabis has consistently resurfaced, culminating in its current prominence in discussions on hallucinogenic substances.
  • Current debates encompass unanswered ethical, moral, and medical questions, with emerging research suggesting links between cannabis use, sensory pathways, and brainstem centers.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a historical framework for understanding contemporary attitudes and policies towards cannabis.
    • Highlights the enduring cultural significance and recurring societal engagement with cannabis.
    • Underscores the need for continued research into the physiological and psychological effects of cannabis, informing ongoing ethical and medical discourse.