[The hospital pharmacies in Copenhagen and their professional importance]

The first hospital pharmacies in Denmark in modern meaning were established of the Copenhagen Municipality: the General Hospital Dispensary (Almindelig Hospitals Dispensationsanstalt) in 1815, the Municipal Hospital Pharmacy (Kommunehospitalets Apotek) in 1863, the Sound Hospital Pharmacy (Oresundshospitalets Apotek) in 1904 and the Bispebjerg Hospital Pharmacy in 1913. Not only did the hospital pharmacies take care of the medicine supply to the municipal hospitals in Copenhagen, but the pharmacies, particularly the Municipal Hospital Pharmacy and the Bispebjerg Hospital Pharmacy, also carried out development and research work in the field of drug. Among other things, the Municipal Hospital composed a series of hospital pharmacopoeias in the period 1871-1922, from 1908 with the co-operation of the chief pharmacist at the Municipal Hospital, first Jens Otto Anton Volqvartz and later Niels Ludvig Møller, and in 1922 also in collaboration with the chief pharmacist at the Bispebjerg Hospital, Severin Søren Marcussen. In addition, Severin Soren Marcussen, also developed an iron mixture, "Idozan", for the treatment of anaemia and a sulphurous ointment, "Kathiolan", for the treatment of scabies, both of which were marketed by A/S Ferrosan, in 1920 and 1921 respectively. In 1936, the subsequent chief pharmacist at the Bispebjerg Hospital, Birger Norman Jensen, invented together with Hans Christian Hagedorn, MD, at Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium the first insulin composition with prolongated effect, protamininsulin, which was put on the market under the name of "Insulin Leo Retard". The Bispebjerg Hospital Pharmacy also participated in the development of medical utensils. In 1948, the pharmaceutical wholesaler Bang & Tegner A/S collaborated with the chief pharmacist Kaj Pedersen-Bjergaard, DSc, and consultant Karl Henrik Køster, MD, in developing the first sterile disposable set to intravenous and subcutaneous infusion, named "Batex Eengangssaet".