Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Perspectives on Neuroscience
26:41

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

Is the future biology Shakespearean or Newtonian?

Ovidiu Lipan1, Wing H Wong

  • 1Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th St. CA-4139, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. olipan@richmond.edu

Molecular Biosystems
|December 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Biological systems exhibit stochastic behavior, challenging the notion that cells ignore mathematical principles. Understanding molecular signal generators is crucial for studying genetic networks.

Related Concept Videos

Newton's Law of Motion01:20

Newton's Law of Motion

When we observe objects around us, one question that comes to mind is why they move or stay still. The answer to this question can be explained using Newton's laws of motion. These laws describe the fundamental principles of motion and the effects of forces on objects.
The first law of motion, also known as the law of inertia, states that an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move at a constant speed and direction unless acted upon by an external force.
Newton's First Law: Introduction01:17

Newton's First Law: Introduction

Motion draws our attention. Motion itself can be beautiful, causing us to marvel at the forces needed to create spectacular sights, such as that of a dolphin jumping out of the water, the flight of a bird, or the orbit of a satellite. The study of motion is kinematics, but kinematics only describes the way objects move—their velocity and acceleration. Dynamics considers the forces that affect the motion of moving objects and systems. Newton's laws of motion are the foundation of dynamics. These...
Newton's Third Law: Introduction00:58

Newton's Third Law: Introduction

Whenever one body exerts a force on a second body, the first body experiences a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, to the force that it exerts. For instance, when a person pushes on a wall, the wall exerts an equal and opposite force towards the person. This brings us to Newton's third law of motion. Newton's third law represents a certain symmetry in nature: Forces always occur in pairs, and one body cannot exert a force on another without experiencing a force itself. This law...
Newton's Law of Gravitation01:15

Newton's Law of Gravitation

Our everyday observation tells us that all objects close to the Earth naturally tend to fall to the ground. Early philosophers assumed that this downward force was unique to Earth. By the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) put forward the heliocentric theory, which suggested that Earth and other planets orbited the sun, while the Moon orbited the Earth. However, it was Isaac Newton (1642-1727) who linked these two motions together in the 17th century. He reasoned that the force of...
Newton's Second Law00:55

Newton's Second Law

Newton's second law is closely related to his first law of motion. It mathematically gives the cause-and-effect relationship between force and changes in motion. Newton's second law is quantitative and is used extensively to calculate what happens in situations involving a force. All external forces acting on a system add together to produce a net force Fnet. A larger net external force produces a larger acceleration. This acceleration is directly proportional to, and in the same direction as,...
Newton's Law of Gravitational Attraction01:24

Newton's Law of Gravitational Attraction

Sir Isaac Newton established the universality of the law of gravitational attraction based on empirical evidence and inductive reasoning. He published his work in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica ("the Principia") on July 5, 1687.
Newton's law of gravitational attraction is a fundamental law of physics that governs the attraction between objects. It states that the magnitude of the gravitational force between any two objects is proportional to their masses and inversely proportional...