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Fetal anomaly scan potentially will replace routine AFAFP assays for the detection of neural tube defects
Angelique J A Kooper1, Dagmar de Bruijn, Conny M A van Ravenwaaij-Arts
1Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
Objectives:
Introduction of the second-trimester fetal anomaly scan and the decision to offer this scan to every woman in the 18th-22nd week of pregnancy necessitates a re-evaluation of the diagnostic value of the measurement of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations in the amniotic fluid (AF) for the detection of neural tube defects (NTDs).
Methods:
In this study of 6501 women who underwent amniocentesis, amniotic fluid AFP (AFAFP) concentrations were measured. The women were divided into three categories: group I, without any increased risk of fetal NTD (N = 6188); group II, with an increased risk of fetal NTD (N = 258); and group III, with a clinically diagnosed fetal NTD with known AFAFP concentrations (N = 55).
Results:
In 27 women of group I (0.4%), the MoM (multiple of the median) level was > 2.5 times the median AFP concentration for the corresponding gestational age, and in two fetuses this was related to NTD. In two pregnancies of group II (0.8%), an increased AFAFP was related to NTD. In group III, 44 of the 55 (80%) samples had an increased AFAFP.
Conclusion:
In the near future, it is likely that imaging will replace AFAFP assays for the detection of fetal NTDs because high quality ultrasound imaging will detect NTDs accurately.
