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Effects of feedback

Effects of feedback

Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...

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Carrier Generation and Recombination

Carrier generation is the process by which electron-hole pairs (EHPs) are created within the semiconductor. In direct-bandgap semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), this occurs efficiently when energy absorption prompts valence electrons to leap into the conduction band, leaving behind holes.
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Feedback control systems

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Quantum feedback control for deterministic entangled photon generation.

Masahiro Yanagisawa¹

¹Control and Dynamical Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|December 13, 2006

Summary

We demonstrate deterministic entanglement of single photons using quantum feedback control. This method precisely manages photon number and phase difference for reliable quantum information processing.

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Area of Science:

Quantum optics
Quantum information science
Quantum control

Background:

Entanglement is crucial for quantum technologies.
Deterministic generation of entangled photons remains a challenge.
Precise control over quantum states is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel quantum feedback control protocol.
To achieve deterministic entanglement generation at the single-photon level.
To control both photon number and phase difference.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a cascade structure of cavities in an optical closed loop.
Implementing quantum nondemolition measurement with cross-Kerr interactions.
Applying Lyapunov stability for feedback control design.

Main Results:

Demonstrated deterministic entanglement generation of single photons.
Successfully controlled total photon number and phase difference.
Achieved high fidelity in entanglement generation.

Conclusions:

The proposed quantum feedback control is effective for deterministic entanglement.
This protocol advances single-photon-level quantum information processing.
Offers a robust method for generating entangled photons.