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Related Experiment Videos

[Lymphocyte coreceptors].

Daniel Olive1

  • 1Inserm UMR 599, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Université de la Méditerranée, 232, boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France. olive@marseille.inserm.fr

Medecine Sciences : M/S
|December 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Immune cell activation is regulated by co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors, primarily from the CD28 and B7 families. Targeting these pathways shows promise for treating autoimmune diseases, cancer, and in transplantation.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Context:

  • Immune system activation is precisely controlled by co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors.
  • These receptors, initially found on T lymphocytes, are now identified on various innate and adaptive immune cells.
  • Co-stimulatory receptors enhance cell activation and effector functions, while co-inhibitory receptors suppress these processes.

Purpose:

  • To review the roles of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules in immune regulation.
  • To highlight the CD28 and B7 families, as well as TNFR family members involved in immune modulation.
  • To discuss the mechanisms of co-inhibition and co-stimulation, including signaling pathways and reverse signaling.

Summary:

  • Co-stimulatory molecules (e.g., CD28, ICOS) promote immune responses, while co-inhibitory molecules (e.g., CTLA-4, PD-1, BTLA) dampen them.

Related Experiment Videos

  • These molecules primarily belong to the Ig superfamily (CD28/B7 family) and TNFR family.
  • Mechanisms involve binding to phosphatases (for co-inhibition) and signaling cascades like PI3K/Vav1 (for co-stimulation).
  • Recent discoveries include reverse signaling for B7 family members, expanding their functional repertoire.

    • Impact:

    • Co-stimulation and co-inhibition pathways are crucial targets for therapeutic interventions.
    • Targeting these pathways with monoclonal antibodies and drugs holds significant promise for treating autoimmune diseases, cancer, and in transplantation settings.