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Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

[Tramadol-induced hypoglycemia. 2 cases].

Aurélie Grandvuillemin1, Geneviève Jolimoy, François Authier

  • 1Centre Régional de Pharmacovigilance, Pôle des Pathologies Lourdes et Vigilances, Dijon. aurelie.grandvuillemin@chu-dijon.fr

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|December 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Tramadol, a pain medication, can cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) in some patients. This adverse effect, potentially linked to opioid receptors, resolves upon discontinuing tramadol treatment.

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Adverse Drug Reactions

Context:

  • Tramadol is widely used for moderate to severe pain management.
  • Known side effects primarily affect the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract.
  • Hypoglycemia is a previously unreported adverse effect of tramadol.

Purpose:

  • To report cases of hypoglycemia associated with tramadol use.
  • To investigate the potential mechanism of tramadol-induced hypoglycemia.
  • To alert healthcare professionals to this rare adverse event.

Summary:

  • Two cases of hypoglycemia are presented: one in an 88-year-old non-diabetic woman and another in an 8-year-old diabetic girl.
  • Hypoglycemia resolved in both patients after cessation of tramadol.
  • The French Pharmacovigilance database contains additional reports of tramadol-associated hypoglycemia.

Impact:

  • Highlights a novel and potentially serious adverse effect of tramadol.
  • Suggests the micro opioid receptor as a potential mediator of tramadol-induced hypoglycemia.
  • Informs clinical practice regarding the monitoring of blood glucose levels in patients taking tramadol.