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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
11:29

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

Selenoprotein expression is regulated at multiple levels in prostate cells.

Cheryl M Rebsch1, Frank J Penna, Paul R Copeland

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, UMDNJ--Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.

Cell Research
|December 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Selenium supplementation impacts prostate cells by altering antioxidant selenoprotein expression. Prostate cancer cells show increased GPX1 and GPX4, while normal cells are more sensitive to selenium toxicity.

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Laser-capture Microdissection of Human Prostatic Epithelium for RNA Analysis
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07:42

Laser-capture Microdissection of Human Prostatic Epithelium for RNA Analysis

Published on: November 26, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Selenium's potential chemopreventive role in cancer, particularly prostate cancer, is linked to selenoproteins' antioxidant functions.
  • Low molecular weight seleno-compounds may selectively induce apoptosis in transformed cells.
  • Understanding selenium's effects on prostate cells is crucial for cancer prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of selenium supplementation on antioxidant selenoprotein expression in prostate cells.
  • To analyze selenium toxicity in both non-tumorigenic and cancerous prostate cell lines.
  • To elucidate the differential regulation of selenoproteins and selenium metabolism in prostate cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of antioxidant selenoprotein expression (GPX1, GPX4, GPX2) in RWPE-1, LNCaP, and PC-3 cells.
  • Assessment of selenium toxicity using sodium selenite, sodium selenate, and selenomethionine.
  • Comparison of selenium's effects on gene and protein expression in different prostate cell lines.

Main Results:

  • Supplemental selenium significantly induced glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) and GPX4 in prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, PC-3) but minimally in non-tumorigenic RWPE-1 cells.
  • GPX1 levels were notably lower in PC-3 cells compared to RWPE-1 and LNCaP cells.
  • RWPE-1 cells exhibited higher sensitivity to sodium selenite toxicity than prostate cancer cell lines, contrary to previous findings.

Conclusions:

  • Selenoprotein expression and selenium metabolism are differentially regulated in prostate cancer cells versus non-tumorigenic cells.
  • Prostate cancer cells exhibit distinct responses to selenium supplementation, with specific induction of GPX1 and GPX4.
  • The differential sensitivity to selenium toxicity suggests complex regulatory mechanisms in prostate cells.