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In Vitro Fertilization

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Minimally Invasive Embryo Transfer and Embryo Vitrification at the Optimal Embryo Stage in Rabbit Model

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Published on: May 16, 2019

[Elective single embryo transfer in assisted reproduction].

Liv Bente Romundstad¹, Arne Sunde, Sigrun Kjøtrød

¹Fertilitetsseksjonen Gynekologisk avdeling St. Olavs Hospital 7006 Trondheim. libero@ntnu.no

Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke

|December 13, 2006

Summary

Implementing elective single embryo transfer significantly reduced multiple pregnancies from 36% to 8% between 2002 and 2005. This shift improved assisted reproduction outcomes while increasing cryopreservation rates.

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Embryology
Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology

Context:

Assisted reproduction commonly involves transferring multiple embryos to enhance pregnancy success.
This practice leads to a high incidence of multiple pregnancies, posing risks to maternal and infant health.
The study period (2002-2005) saw evolving cryopreservation techniques and a move towards single embryo transfer.

Purpose:

To evaluate the impact of introducing elective single embryo transfer (eSET) on multiple pregnancy rates.
To assess changes in cryopreservation utilization and pregnancy outcomes during a transition in transfer policy.
To analyze the effectiveness of improved freezing/thawing protocols in conjunction with eSET.

Summary:

A significant decrease in multiple pregnancy rates, from 36% to 8%, was observed following the implementation of eSET.
The proportion of cycles with surplus embryos for cryopreservation rose from 27% to 69% during the study.
Pregnancy rates per oocyte recovery remained stable, indicating maintained efficacy despite reduced fresh embryo transfers.

Impact:

Reduced rates of multiple pregnancies lessen complications for mothers and newborns.
Increased cryopreservation efficiency supports personalized treatment and potentially lowers healthcare costs.
The study highlights the critical role of cryopreservation in optimizing assisted reproduction outcomes while minimizing risks.