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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
09:50

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

Published on: January 22, 2015

Ammonium removal from digested sludge liquors using ion exchange.

A Thornton1, P Pearce, S A Parsons

  • 1School of Water Sciences, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.

Water Research
|December 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary

MesoLite, a clay-based ion exchanger, effectively removes ammonium from wastewater sludge liquors. This process significantly reduces nitrogen load entering treatment works, improving overall wastewater management.

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Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Published on: March 30, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Water Treatment Technologies
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Wastewater sludge liquors contain high ammonium levels (200-700 mg/L NH4+-N).
  • Recycling these liquors untreated increases the total nitrogen load entering wastewater treatment works (WwTW) by over 25%.
  • Effective ammonium removal from these recycle streams is crucial for optimizing WwTW performance and reducing environmental impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of MesoLite, a clay-based material, as an ion exchange medium for ammonium removal.
  • To evaluate MesoLite's performance in treating high-strength ammonium liquors from sludge dewatering.
  • To determine the ion exchange capacity and operating capacity of MesoLite under pilot-scale conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Pilot-scale studies were conducted at Didcot WwTW.
  • MesoLite was employed as the ion exchange medium for ammonium removal from belt press liquors.
  • Ammonium concentrations were monitored before and after treatment to assess removal efficiency.

Main Results:

  • MesoLite demonstrated high selectivity for the ammonium ion.
  • Over 95% ammonium removal was achieved from liquors with initial concentrations exceeding 600 mg/L NH4+-N.
  • Overall ion exchange capacity exceeded 51 g NH4+-N/kg of medium, with an operating capacity between 27-36 g NH4+-N/kg.

Conclusions:

  • MesoLite is a highly effective medium for ammonium removal from wastewater sludge recycle streams.
  • The use of MesoLite can significantly reduce the nitrogen load entering WwTW, enhancing treatment efficiency.
  • This clay-based ion exchange technology offers a promising solution for managing ammonium in wastewater treatment processes.