Marine fungal lineages in the Hypocreomycetidae

Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from protein coding and ribosomal nuclear loci support the placement of a number of marine fungal species associated with a well-supported clade containing fungicolous species of Melanospora and wood inhabiting Coronophorales. Three subclades containing marine species were recovered including Torpedospora radiata plus T. ambispinosa, Swampomyces species plus Juncigena adarca, and two Etheirophora species plus additional Swampomyces species. The monophyly of these three subclades, as well as a subclade containing representatives of Coronophorales and Melanospora, is well supported statistically. However, relationships among the different subclades remain largely unresolved. A sister relationship for this group with Hypocreales is significantly supported by Bayesian and ML methods. In addition to the Halospheariales and Lulworthiales, this clade, which is characterized by considerable morphological and ecological diversity, represents a third major clade of marine Sordariomycetes.