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Related Concept Videos

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Ligand Binding Sites

Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Protein Crystallization for X-ray Crystallography
09:27

Protein Crystallization for X-ray Crystallography

Published on: January 16, 2011

Crystallization of protein-ligand complexes.

Anne M Hassell1, Gang An, Randy K Bledsoe

  • 1Department of Computational, Analytical and Structural Sciences, Glaxo SmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. annie.m.hassell@gsk.com

Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Biological Crystallography
|December 14, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Crystallizing proteins with ligands is key for structural biology. This overview details strategies like co-expression, purification, cocrystallization, and soaking to obtain diffraction-quality protein-ligand complex crystals.

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Published on: March 3, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Diffraction-quality crystals are essential for determining protein structures.
  • Protein crystallization is often challenging and a significant bottleneck.
  • Ligands (substrates, nucleic acids, cofactors, small molecules) can stabilize proteins but also induce conformational changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of strategies for obtaining crystals of protein-ligand complexes.
  • To address the challenges in protein structure determination through crystallization.

Main Methods:

  • Co-expression of proteins with target ligands.
  • Incorporation of ligands during protein purification.
  • Cocrystallization techniques.
  • Ligand soaking methods.

Main Results:

  • The paper reviews established and potential strategies for crystallizing protein-ligand complexes.
  • Discusses how different methods can overcome crystallization challenges.
  • Highlights the importance of ligand choice and experimental conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Effective strategies exist for obtaining protein-ligand complex crystals.
  • These methods aid in overcoming crystallization bottlenecks for protein structure determination.
  • Ligand-assisted crystallization is a powerful approach in structural biology.