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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
Myocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:22

Myocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Myocarditis is an inflammatory condition of the myocardium requiring meticulous nursing management for optimal patient outcomes. Effective management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's medical history, paying close attention to past infections, autoimmune disorders, travel history, and exposure to toxins or drugs. Recent viral infections and systemic diseases are particularly relevant due to their potential role in triggering myocarditis.Physical Examination and MonitoringThe...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Abnormalities in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis by Magnetic Resonance Microscopy Imaging in the Mouse
12:24

Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Abnormalities in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis by Magnetic Resonance Microscopy Imaging in the Mouse

Published on: June 20, 2014

Muronomab-CD3 for pediatric acute myocarditis.

Gregory Perens1, Daniel S Levi, Juan Carlos Alejos

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Medical Center, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1743, USA. gperens@mednet.ucla.edu

Pediatric Cardiology
|December 14, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Muronomab-CD3 (OKT3) may hasten recovery in pediatric acute myocarditis. This immunosuppressive agent, added to standard care, showed improved heart function in most patients, offering a potential new treatment option.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Abnormalities in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis by Magnetic Resonance Microscopy Imaging in the Mouse
12:24

Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Abnormalities in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis by Magnetic Resonance Microscopy Imaging in the Mouse

Published on: June 20, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Hemodynamically significant acute pediatric myocarditis often requires immune modulation with IVIG and steroids.
  • Published outcomes include variable recovery times, transplantation, or death.
  • Novel therapeutic adjuncts are needed to improve outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of muronomab-CD3 (OKT3) on the recovery of heart failure in pediatric patients with acute myocarditis.
  • To assess if OKT3 hastens ventricular function recovery compared to standard therapy alone.
  • To determine the safety and efficacy of OKT3 as an adjunct treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 15 pediatric patients with acute myocarditis and depressed LVEF or arrhythmias.
  • OKT3 was added to standard immunosuppressive therapy (IVIG, steroids) and supportive care.
  • Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was monitored over time via echocardiogram.

Main Results:

  • Nine patients showed significant LVEF recovery within 17 days of OKT3 treatment; one recovered by 60 days.
  • Six of nine patients requiring mechanical support (ECMO or LVAD) recovered ventricular function.
  • Four deaths occurred, unrelated to OKT3; one patient underwent transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • OKT3 may accelerate ventricular function recovery in pediatric acute myocarditis by reducing autoimmune inflammation.
  • OKT3 appears to be a safe and potentially beneficial adjunct therapy for severe pediatric myocarditis.
  • Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm the role of OKT3 in this patient population.