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Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
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Verbal fluency in HIV infection: a meta-analytic review.

Jennifer E Iudicello1, Steven Paul Woods, Thomas D Parsons

  • 1Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|December 15, 2006
PubMed
Summary

HIV infection causes mild word generation deficits, impacting both letter and category fluency similarly. These impairments, though small, worsen with disease progression in individuals with HIV.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Psychology

Background:

  • HIV infection is associated with neurocognitive impairments, particularly affecting prefrontostriatal pathways.
  • It is commonly hypothesized that HIV leads to greater deficits in letter fluency compared to category fluency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis of the HIV verbal fluency literature.
  • To assess the hypothesis that HIV infection causes greater impairment on letter versus category fluency.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was performed on 37 studies involving 7110 participants.
  • Effect sizes for letter and category fluency were calculated and compared.

Main Results:

  • Overall, small effect sizes were found for both letter and category fluency, increasing with HIV disease severity.
  • Category fluency showed a slightly larger mean effect size than letter fluency across all studies.
  • However, this discrepancy diminished in analyses including only studies with both tests, indicating similar impairment magnitudes.

Conclusions:

  • HIV-associated impairments in letter and category fluency are of comparable magnitude.
  • Mild word generation deficits are present in individuals with HIV, irrespective of the fluency task used (letter or category).