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Clarithromycin in coronary heart disease: excess mortality in the long term
Insights
Antibiotic therapy for Chlamydia pneumoniae in cardiovascular disease patients showed no benefit and may increase mortality. Further research is needed, but macrolides should be avoided in most cases.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Inflammation from Chlamydia pneumoniae is hypothesized to contribute to cardiovascular disease.
- Clinical trials have investigated antichlamydial antibiotic therapy for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the long-term preventive effects of antibiotic therapy on cardiovascular events.
- To assess the impact of antichlamydial antibiotics on mortality in coronary heart disease patients.
Main Methods:
- A meta-analysis of clinical trials using antichlamydial antibiotics (primarily macrolides).
- Review of trial data, including mortality and cardiac event rates, with follow-up periods.
Main Results:
- One trial indicated increased mortality 3 years post-clarithromycin treatment for coronary heart disease.
- Meta-analysis showed no reduction in cardiac morbidity or mortality.
- Trials exceeding 2 years of follow-up suggest a significant increase in mortality with antimicrobial chemotherapy.
Conclusions:
- Current evidence does not support the use of antichlamydial antibiotics for cardiovascular disease prevention.
- Long-term antimicrobial chemotherapy, particularly macrolides, may be associated with increased mortality in coronary heart disease patients.
- Avoidance of these antibiotics is recommended unless clinically indicated, pending further data.
Abstract:
(1) Based on an attractive hypothesis implicating inflammation caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae in cardiovascular disease, several clinical trials have tested whether antibiotic therapy has a long-term preventive effect. (2) One trial showed an increase in mortality 3 years after a 2-week course of clarithromycin in patients with coronary heart disease (9.8% versus 7.8% in the placebo group). This difference resulted mainly from higher cardiovascular mortality (5.1% versus 3.5%). (3) A meta-analysis of all trials of antichlamydial antibiotics (mainly macrolides) in the prevention of cardiac events showed no difference between the groups in terms of cardiac morbidity or mortality. However, trials with more than 2 years of follow-up suggest that antimicrobial chemotherapy is associated with a statistically significant increase in mortality. (4) In practice, pending further information on the long-term effects of antimicrobial chemotherapy in coronary heart disease patients, these disturbing results suggest that the drugs are best avoided--especially macrolides--except in situations where their use is clearly warranted.
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