HIV screening in pregnancy

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from mother to fetus poses a significant risk if the mother remains untreated.
• Effective management strategies are crucial to mitigate vertical HIV transmission during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide recommendations for obstetric healthcare providers regarding HIV screening in pregnancy.
• To minimize practice variations in HIV screening protocols, considering provincial and territorial guidelines.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Cochrane Library and Medline.
• English-language articles focusing on HIV screening and pregnancy were reviewed.
• References from identified articles were also examined to ensure thoroughness.

Main Results:

• Screening and treating HIV in pregnant individuals markedly decreases the rate of vertical HIV transmission.
• Confirmation of HIV infection allows for optimized maternal health and long-term management strategies.
• Untreated HIV in pregnant women presents a substantial risk of transmission to the fetus.

Conclusions:

• Implementing standardized HIV screening guidelines in obstetric care is essential.
• Early identification and treatment of HIV in pregnancy are critical for preventing vertical transmission and improving maternal outcomes.
• Adherence to guidelines ensures consistent and effective HIV management for pregnant populations.